What is the definition of pronation?

Pronation refers to the specific movement in which the palm of the hand or the sole of the foot is turned downward. In the context of the forearm, pronation occurs when the radius rotates over the ulna, positioning the palm facing down. Similarly, when discussing the foot, pronation involves the rolling inward of the foot, which occurs during walking or running. This anatomical movement is significant in various activities and impacts how forces are distributed across the joints.

By understanding this definition, it becomes clear that pronation contrasts with other movements. For instance, the upward turning of the palm or foot is known as supination, while increasing the angle of a joint pertains to extension. Movement towards the midline describes adduction. Recognizing these distinctions is crucial for professionals in medical and therapeutic settings.